(The original text is in french.)
More than 2000 years, the Greek philosopher Democritus, questioning a mystery, composition of matter, had concluded that the universe was to be formed by small pieces invisible elements, fitted with hooks to keep them and constitute the body, hence the name of "hooked atoms" (to have affinities with someone in french).
He could not predict that these hooks would foreshadow a little, strong Intreraction - also known as Force of color - which, in the interior of the atom, glue them his constituents, three components equal and indivisible: quarks.
What are quarks? The quantum chromodynamique, the armed arm of the modern physics, seized them and many other particles or the antiparticles, classified them, quantified, calculated and so made a big jump forward.
But, if this physics knows what make quarks and other particles, it does not know what they are, it ignores their nature. Thus it is necessary to pursue the research but, at first, to raise an obstacle which, at present, blocks it.
Indeed, the electron, classified in a family of colored particles, quarks and antiquarks, is nevertheless considered there as a foreigner: a colorless said lepton. Its real nature and its essential role thus remain unknown.
So, we shall see it in the page "Matter and its mathematical model": the electron is the set of the three charges of color, quarks and antiquarks would be its subsets as well as the neutrino, the empty subset, which is its complement.
This revolutionary conception, foreign to the current physics, will serve as guide to look for the nature and the origin of the mater.